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Dimethyl carbonate ( DMC)
ZMPC
Dimethyl carbonate
Molecular Formula: C3H6O3
Average mass 90.078 Da
Monoisotopic mass 90.031693 Da
ChemSpider ID11526
210-478-4 [EINECS]
616-38-6 [RN]
635821 [Beilstein]
Carbonate de diméthyle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Carbonic acid dimethyl ester
Carbonic acid, dimethyl ester [ACD/Index Name]
Dimethyl carbonate [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki]
Dimethyl carbonate [UN1161] [Flammable liquid]
dimethyl ester
Dimethyl carbonate [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Application Fields:
The excellent properties and unique molecular structure of DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate) determine its wide range of applications, summarized as follows:
1. Replacement for Phosgene as a Carbonylation Agent:
Although phosgene has high reactivity, its extreme toxicity and highly corrosive by-products impose significant environmental pressures, leading to its gradual phase-out. DMC possesses a similar nucleophilic reaction center. When the carbonyl group of DMC undergoes nucleophilic attack, the acyl-oxygen bond breaks, forming carbonyl compounds with methanol as a by-product. Therefore, DMC can replace phosgene as a safe reagent for synthesizing carbonic acid derivatives, such as carbamate pesticides, polycarbonates, and isocyanates, with polycarbonates being the largest field of demand for DMC.
2. Replacement for Dimethyl Sulfate as a Methylating Agent:
Similar to phosgene, DMS (dimethyl sulfate) is under pressure to be phased out due to its hazardous nature. When the methyl carbon of DMC undergoes nucleophilic attack, the alkyl-oxygen bond breaks, yielding methylation products with higher reaction yields and simpler processes compared to DMS. Major uses include the synthesis of organic intermediates, pharmaceutical products, and pesticides.
3. Low-Toxicity Solvent:
DMC has excellent solvency properties, a narrow melting and boiling point range, high surface tension, low viscosity, and a low dielectric constant in the medium. It also has a high evaporation temperature and rapid evaporation rate, making it suitable as a low-toxicity solvent in the coatings and pharmaceutical industries. DMC not only has low toxicity but also features a high flash point, low vapor pressure, and a high lower explosion limit in air, making it a clean and safe green solvent.
Usage Precautions:
DMC is flammable, and its vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. It should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated non-combustible warehouse. Keep away from sources of ignition and heat. The storage temperature should not exceed 37°C. Keep the container sealed. Store separately from oxidants, reducing agents, and acids; avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. Avoid using mechanical equipment and tools that can generate sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency leak handling equipment and suitable containment materials.
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